MA357-10 Introduction to Number Theory
Introductory description
Number theory is an ancient and beautiful subject that investigates the properties of the integers, and other questions motivated by them. For example, one studies questions like:
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do equations have integer solutions? If so, do they have infinitely many integer solutions? How are those solutions distributed, and can we parametrise them? Pythagorean triples, and Fermat's Last Theorem, fall into this general area of Diophantine equations.
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how do special subsets of the integers behave? The primes are probably the best example of a special subset, and one wants to know: are there infinitely many? How are they distributed? Are there interesting patterns amongst them? The most famous unsolved problem in mathematics, the Riemann Hypothesis, is connected with this.
In this module we will explore various topics that underlie the deeper study of the integers, and see some initial applications. In particular, we study:
- factorisation in the integers and in other rings
- congruences and arithmetic mod n, including primitive roots
- quadratic reciprocity
- Diophantine equations, including writing integers as sums of squares
Module aims
To introduce students to elementary number theory and provide a firm foundation for later number theory and algebra modules.
Outline syllabus
This is an indicative module outline only to give an indication of the sort of topics that may be covered. Actual sessions held may differ.
- Factorisation, divisibility, Euclidean Algorithm, Chinese Remainder Theorem.
- Congruences. Structure on Z/mZ and its multiplicative group. Theorems of Fermat and Euler. Primitive roots.
- Quadratic reciprocity, Diophantine equations.
- Waring's problem
- Hensel's lemma
- Geometry of numbers, sum of two and four squares.
Learning outcomes
By the end of the module, students should be able to:
- Work independently with prime factorisations of integers
- Solve congruence conditions on integers
- Determine whether an integer is a quadratic residue modulo another integer
- Apply p-adic and geometry of numbers methods to solve Diophantine equations
Indicative reading list
H. Davenport, The Higher Arithmetic, Cambridge University Press.
G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, Oxford University Press, 1979.
K. Ireland and M. Rosen, A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1990.
Subject specific skills
By the end of the module the student should be able to:
- work with prime factorisations of integers
- solve congruence conditions on integers
- determine whether an integer is a quadratic residue modulo another integer
- apply geometry of numbers methods to solve some Diophantine equations
- follow advanced courses on number theory in the third and fourth year
Transferable skills
The module will help to develop skills in understanding, assessing and constructing logical arguments (especially of a quantitative nature), and presenting these clearly in writing.
Some parts of the module will explore the difference between a theoretical solution of a problem and a solution that can be practically implemented with current computing resources, a distinction that is crucial in many real world applications of mathematical concepts.
Study time
Type | Required |
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Lectures | 30 sessions of 1 hour (30%) |
Seminars | 9 sessions of 1 hour (9%) |
Private study | 61 hours (61%) |
Total | 100 hours |
Private study description
Review lectured material and work on set exercises.
Costs
No further costs have been identified for this module.
You do not need to pass all assessment components to pass the module.
Assessment group D
Weighting | Study time | |
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Assignment | 15% | |
Examination | 85% | |
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Assessment group R
Weighting | Study time | |
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In-person Examination - Resit | 100% | |
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Feedback on assessment
Support Classes
Marked homework will be returned to students.
Exam feedback.
Anti-requisite modules
If you take this module, you cannot also take:
- MA257-10 Introduction to Number Theory
Courses
This module is Core option list A for:
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UMAA-GV18 Undergraduate Mathematics and Philosophy with Intercalated Year
- Year 4 of GV18 Mathematics and Philosophy with Intercalated Year
- Year 4 of GV18 Mathematics and Philosophy with Intercalated Year
This module is Core option list C for:
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UMAA-GV17 Undergraduate Mathematics and Philosophy
- Year 3 of GV17 Mathematics and Philosophy
- Year 3 of GV17 Mathematics and Philosophy
- Year 3 of GV17 Mathematics and Philosophy
- Year 3 of UMAA-GV19 Undergraduate Mathematics and Philosophy with Specialism in Logic and Foundations
This module is Core option list F for:
- Year 4 of UMAA-GV19 Undergraduate Mathematics and Philosophy with Specialism in Logic and Foundations
This module is Option list A for:
- Year 4 of UMAA-G105 Undergraduate Master of Mathematics (with Intercalated Year)
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UMAA-G100 Undergraduate Mathematics (BSc)
- Year 3 of G100 Mathematics
- Year 3 of G100 Mathematics
- Year 3 of G100 Mathematics
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UMAA-G103 Undergraduate Mathematics (MMath)
- Year 3 of G100 Mathematics
- Year 3 of G103 Mathematics (MMath)
- Year 3 of G103 Mathematics (MMath)
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UPXA-GF13 Undergraduate Mathematics and Physics (BSc)
- Year 3 of GF13 Mathematics and Physics
- Year 3 of GF13 Mathematics and Physics
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UPXA-FG31 Undergraduate Mathematics and Physics (MMathPhys)
- Year 3 of GF13 Mathematics and Physics
- Year 3 of FG31 Mathematics and Physics (MMathPhys)
- Year 3 of FG31 Mathematics and Physics (MMathPhys)
- Year 4 of UMAA-G101 Undergraduate Mathematics with Intercalated Year