Introductory description

The principles of quantum mechanics are applied to a range of phenomena in atomic physics including the operation of a laser. The module also covers perturbation theory and variational methods.

Module web page

Module aims

Outline syllabus

This is an indicative module outline only to give an indication of the sort of topics that may be covered. Actual sessions held may differ.

1. Revision of 2nd year quantum theory

2. Approximation methods in quantum mechanics. Time-independent perturbation theory, non-degenerate case, ground state of helium atom, degenerate case, Stark effect in hydrogen. Variational methods: Rayleigh - Ritz, ground state of helium atom

3. Spin-orbit coupling and the Zeeman effect. Effects of spin-orbit coupling, and the strong and weak field Zeeman effect using time-independent perturbation theory

4. Many electron effects-indistinguishability of identical particles. Identical particles and spin; symmetric and anti-symmetric states; discussion of periodic table, ionisation energies

5. Time-dependent perturbation theory. Derivation of Fermi's golden rule. Radiation from atoms; operation of the laser. Two-level driven system near resonance

Learning outcomes

By the end of the module, students should be able to:

• Solve problems using perturbation theory (time-dependent and time-independent) and variational methods
• Characterise the effects of spin-orbit coupling and the Zeeman effect
• Describe the properties of many-electron atoms including the role of exchange symmetry and Hund's rules
• Explain the operation of a laser

Indicative reading list

Specific reading list for the module

Subject specific skills

Knowledge of mathematics and physics. Skills in modelling, reasoning, thinking.

Transferable skills

Analytical, communication, problem-solving, self-study