Introductory description

This module is a self-contained and integrated introduction to bonding models in chemistry. Here, five core topics will be covered, namely:

• Origins and history of chemistry
• The shapes of molecules
• Atoms, orbitals and periodic trends
• From atomic orbitals to molecular orbitals
• Understanding structure and bonding using molecular orbitals

Together, these topics will enable students to discuss molecular structure and bonding across a wider variety of molecules.

Module web page

Module aims

Outline syllabus

This is an indicative module outline only to give an indication of the sort of topics that may be covered. Actual sessions held may differ.

Week 1: Origins and history of chemistry
History of Chemistry, Fundamental particles: Protons, neutrons and electrons, The Elements and where they came from, Bonding types

Week 2: The shapes of molecules
Lewis structures, VSEPR, Symmetry elements in molecules, Assigning point groups as a labelling system of molecules, Applications of point groups

Week 3: Atoms, orbitals and periodic trends
Why do we need quantum mechanics, quantisation, light, Atomic orbitals and quantum numbers, Aufbau and atomic configuration, Trends across periodic table

Week 4: From atomic orbitals to molecular orbitals
MOs as linear combinations of atomic orbitals, Potential energy curves for H2, H2+, Homo-diatomics, Hetero-diatomics, MOs for polyatomics.

Week 5: Understanding structure and bonding using molecular orbitals
Hybridisation as a general concept, Single bonds and multiple bonds across the periodic table, Conjugation and Aromaticity, Electrophiles and Nucleophiles, Curly arrows.

Learning outcomes

By the end of the module, students should be able to:

• Gain an understanding of the models used to describe the structure, bonding and properties of molecules and matter.
• Understand how quantum mechanics leads to key chemical concepts such as atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals, and quantization of energy.
• Appreciate the limitations of different bonding models and be able to choose the most appropriate model for a given chemical problem.

Indicative reading list

Atkins’’s Physical Chemistry
McQuarrie’s Physical Chemistry: A molecular approach

Subject specific skills

Numeracy
Problem solving
Time management and organization
Critical thinking

Transferable skills

Numeracy
Problem solving
Time management and organization
Critical thinking