Introductory description

Introduction to Design Thinking welcomes students from every discipline who are committed to becoming effective “change agents” – people who will improve the world through business, academic research, or social innovation, using a “designerly” approach that combines creativity, technology and empathy.

It doesn’t matter if you think you are not especially creative, or that you haven’t got design skills – we will teach these as systematic methods using leading experts from Warwick and beyond. This is an opportunity to develop a much-in-demand combination of skills and ideas, giving you a significant advantage in your future career and studies. Most importantly, you will learn how to interpret the world and work with real people as design participants, safely take creative risks, learn from prototypes, and be agile and iterative. Students develop the stack of capabilities necessary for being “designerly change agents”. We visualise this as a transformative journey.

Module web page

Module aims

Outline syllabus

This is an indicative module outline only to give an indication of the sort of topics that may be covered. Actual sessions held may differ.

The syllabus has two inter-related tracks – theory (lectures and readings) and practice (interactive lecture activities, workshops and design challenges). The design challenges, written-up in the format of “design studies”, provide content for the assessed portfolio.

The five design challenges are:

A. Reflect on your own design history.

B. Doing design anthropology in the wild.

C. Investigate fit, stick, spread and grow in action.

D. Making Warwick University a place for enterprise and innovation.

E. How do we solve the ‘wicked problem’ (Buchanan, 1992) of engaging disenfranchised and fragmented communities in cultural development without adding new layers of alienation?

Learning outcomes

By the end of the module, students should be able to:

• Demonstrate a proficient and deep understanding of the core concepts of ‘design’, ‘designing’, ‘designer’, ‘designerliness’ and ‘design thinking’.
• Critically reflect upon and evaluate their progress in understanding the importance of key design issues and values, such as accessibility, diversity, viability and sustainability.
• Critically appraise the contributions made to design research by different disciplines and recognise the emerging trends and approaches in design practice and research, for example, design anthropology, crowdsourced designing, platform engineering, decolonizing design, emotionally durable design, artificial intelligence and non-anthropocentric designing.
• Critically evaluate designs-in-use and proposed design ideas, from the perspectives of key stakeholders, applying appropriate design values.
• Explore a design challenge, being prepared to take a lead in formulating a clear and actionable brief, using participatory, empathetic and creative methods.
• Critically evaluate the selection and application of different design methods when applied to design challenges with varying goals and complexities.

Indicative reading list

All freely available online, these articles are the essential readings for the module:
Alexander, C. (1965) “A City is Not a Tree”.

Argyris, C. (1977) “Double Loop Learning in Organizations”.

Brooks, F. (1986) “Essence and Accident in Software Design”.

Brown, T. (2008) “Design Thinking”.

Buchanan, R. (1992) “Wicked Problems in Design Thinking”.

Dovey, K. (1990) “The Pattern Language and its Enemies”.

Eisbach, K. (2003) “How to Pitch a Brilliant Idea”.

Kelley, T. (2001) “Prototyping is the Shorthand of Design”.

Leonard, D. and Rayport, J. F. (1997) “Spark Innovation Through Empathic Design”.

Suchman, L. (2011) “Anthropological Relocations and the Limits of Design”.

Teece, D. (2007) “Explicating Dynamic Capabilities: The Nature and Microfoundations of (Sustainable) Enterprise Performance”.

Weiser, M., R. Gold, and J. S. Brown. (1999) “The Origins of Ubiquitous Computing Research at PARC in the Late 1980s.”

Students will be directed to explore the many articles by Dori Tunstall on “decolonized design anthropology and designing”: https://theconversation.com/profiles/elizabeth-dori-tunstall-105620/articles

And we will use the High Resolution series of video interviews with designers and design theorists: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzBkNPSxw15qrW_Y8p-oCUw

Books (that students can refer to for specific needs to explore further and deeper):

Alexander, C. (1977) A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction.

Amabile, T. et al. (1999) Harvard Business Review on Breakthrough Thinking.

Bilton, C. (2006) Management and Creativity: From Creative Industries to Creative Management.

Brown, T. (2009) Change by Design: How Design Thinking Transforms
Organizations and Inspires Innovation.

Chapman, J. (2005) Emotionally Durable Design.

Clark, H., and D. Brody. (2009) Design Studies.

Cross, N. (2007) Designerly Ways of Knowing.

Cross, N. (2011) Design Thinking.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009) Flow.

Gunn, W., Ton, O., and Smith, R. C. (2013) Design Anthropology: Theory and Practice.

Jencks, C., and N. Silver. (2013).
Kahneman, D. (2011) Thinking, Fast and Slow.

Kelley, T., and J. Littman. (2004) The Art of Innovation.

Kelley, T., and J. Littman. (2005) The Ten Faces of Innovation.

Krug, S. (2009) Don't Make Me Think.

Lawson, B. (2005) How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified.

Margolin, V., and R. Buchanan. (1995) The Idea of Design.

Norman, D.A. (1988) The Psychology of Everyday Things. Basic Books.

Norman, D. A. (2007a) Emotional Design. Basic Books.

Norman, D. A. (2007b) The Design of Future Things. Basic Books.

Norman, D. A. (2013) The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books.

Polanyi, M. (1966/2009) The Tacit Dimension.

Rogers, E. M. (2003) Diffusion of Innovations.

Schön, D. A. (1987) Educating the Reflective Practitioner.

Sennett, R. (2009) The Craftsman.

Thaler, R. H., and C. R. Sunstein. (2008) Nudge.

Research element

Design thinking challenges students to conduct research in several ways. They explore literature around the module and make connections to key concepts from their home disciplines. Students then conduct interviews, ethnographies, observations, surveys, and other types of user research, taking research methods they learn in their home disciplines and applying those to design. They additionally conduct research about the local area when working on design challenges to understand the culture, history, demographics, etc.

Interdisciplinary

Design Thinking theory is a rapidly coalescing interdisciplinary academic field, seeking to understand and improve how we do designing and how it can have a positive impact in the world. Design Thinking draws upon insights from a broad range of disciplines (philosophy, psychology, sociology, creative arts, technology, history)

International

Drawing on various global methodologies and case studies, we touch upon the use and significance of design in developed and developing worlds. The nature of classroom discussions draws on students' diverse backgrounds and we often explore design stories from a range of countries and context. Design challenges have also been structures in a way to help students think global and act local, designing for the local area. This zooming in and out, internationalisation and localisation of design helps students develop a more global mindset and applications of design thinking.

Subject specific skills

• Effectively and efficiently describe designs-in-action and their contexts, using a range of appropriate media.
• Critically evaluate designs-in-use and proposed design ideas, from the perspectives of key stakeholders, applying appropriate design values.
• Specify and respond to briefs with precision.
• Explore a design challenge, formulating a clear and actionable brief, using participatory, empathetic and creative methods.
• Choose, and justify the choice of, appropriate design methods for addressing a specific design challenge.
• Use a broad selection of design methods for working with designers, domain experts and others, to collaboratively create good design ideas: prototyping, testing, refining, documenting and preparing for implementation.
• Reflect upon, using designerly language and media (text, images, video, audio, diagrams) design projects, and the roles played by the student and their collaborators in achieving success and learning from failures.
• Lead design collaborations using appropriate leadership styles, and be able to explain the choices made.
• Propose and explain changes to the organisation, practices and strategy of an institution of business, so as to enhance design capabilities its design capabilities.

Transferable skills

• Analytical skills
• Complex problem solving
• Coordinating with others
• Creativity
• Critical reflection
• Critical thinking
• Judgement and decision making
• Management of learning
• Managing others/People Management
• Written communication skills
• Verbal communication skills